consists of life after death and before the resurrection of the dead, and from the final state, which refers to life after the resurrection. Is there a sense in which heaven as the presence of God refers to the present state? The answer is yes, as long as we acknowledge that heaven is not only present, but also future. John contrasts the present states of the saved and lost: “Whoever believes in him [the Son of God] is not condemned, but whoever does not believe is condemned already, because he has